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An Arahant is "one with taints destroyed, who has lived the holy life, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, reached the true goal, destroyed the fetters of being, and is completely liberated through final knowledge."

Satthadeva-Manussanam – Teacher of gods and humans.

Anuttaro Purisa-damma-sarathi – Unexcelled trainer of untrained people.

Vijja-carana-sampano – Endowed with higher knowledge and ideal conduct.

Sammasambuddho – Perfectly self-awakened.

Seated Buddha from Tapa Shotor monastery in Hadda, Afghanistan, 2nd century CEĪ common list of epithets are commonly seen together in the canonical texts, and depict some of his spiritual qualities: The term is often thought to mean either "one who has thus gone" (tathā-gata) or "one who has thus come" (tathā-āgata), possibly referring to the transcendental nature of the Buddha's spiritual attainment. In the early texts, the Buddha also often refers to himself as Tathāgata (Sanskrit: ).

The clan name of Gautama means "descendant of Gotama", and comes from the fact that Kshatriya clans adopted the names of their house priests. 9.1 Gallery showing different Buddha stylesīesides "Buddha" and the name Siddhārtha Gautama (Pali: Siddhattha Gotama), he was also known by other names and titles, such as Shakyamuni ("Sage of the Shakyas").6.4 Scholarly views on the earliest teachings.6.3.4 Metaphysics and personal identity.6.3 Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts.5.4 First sermon and formation of the saṅgha.

Later generations composed additional texts, such as systematic treatises known as Abhidharma, biographies of the Buddha, collections of stories about the Buddha's past lives known as Jataka tales, and additional discourses, i.e. These were passed down in Middle Indo-Aryan dialects through an oral tradition. Gautama's teachings were compiled by the Buddhist community in the Vinaya, his codes for monastic practice, and the Suttas, texts based on his discourses. Ī couple of centuries after his death he came to be known by the title Buddha, which means "Awakened One" or "Enlightened One". The Buddha also critiqued the practices of Brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice and the caste system. He taught a training of the mind that included ethical training, self-restraint, and meditative practices such as jhana and mindfulness. The Buddha taught a middle way between sensual indulgence and the severe asceticism found in the Indian śramaṇa movement. The Buddha then traveled throughout the Gangetic plain teaching and building a religious community. According to Buddhist tradition, after several years of mendicancy, meditation, and asceticism, he awakened to understand the workings of the cycle of rebirth and how it can be escaped. The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family in the Shakya clan, but eventually renounced lay life. His teaching is based on his insight into the arising of suffering or dissatisfaction and its ending-the state called Nirvana (lit. He taught for around 45 years and built a large following, both monastic and lay. He is regarded as the founder of the world religion of Buddhism, and revered by Buddhists as an enlightened being, who rediscovered an ancient path to freedom from ignorance, craving and the cycle of rebirth and suffering. Gautama Buddha, popularly known as the Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddhārtha Gautama or Shakyamuni), was an ascetic, a religious leader and teacher who lived in ancient India (c.